PicoBot/src/agent/agent_loop.rs

use crate::agent::AgentRuntimeConfig;
use crate::agent::{SystemPromptContext, SystemPromptProvider};
use crate::bus::ChatMessage;
use crate::bus::message::ToolMessageState;
use crate::storage::ConversationRepository;
use crate::domain::messages::{ContentBlock, ToolCall};
use crate::observability::{
    Observer, ObserverEvent, ToolExecutionOutcome, ToolExecutionState, truncate_args,
};
use crate::providers::{ChatCompletionRequest, LLMProvider, Message, create_provider};
use crate::text::{char_count, take_prefix_chars, take_suffix_chars};
use crate::tools::{ToolContext, ToolRegistry};
use async_trait::async_trait;
use std::collections::VecDeque;
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
use std::io::Read;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::time::Instant;

/// Minimum characters to keep when truncating
const TRUNCATION_SUFFIX_LEN: usize = 200;
const PENDING_USER_ACTION_MARKER: &str = "__PICOBOT_PENDING_USER_ACTION__";
const DEFAULT_PENDING_ASSISTANT_MESSAGE: &str =
    "工具已经启动并进入等待用户操作的状态。请先完成外部操作，完成后直接告诉我继续。";
const RECOVERABLE_LLM_ERROR_MESSAGE: &str = "模型服务暂时不可用或响应超时。请稍后重试。";

const SUPPORTED_IMAGE_MIME_TYPES: &[&str] = &["image/jpeg", "image/png", "image/gif", "image/webp"];
const TOKEN_ESTIMATE_CHARS_PER_TOKEN: usize = 4;
const TOKEN_ESTIMATE_SAFETY_MULTIPLIER: f64 = 1.2;
const CONTEXT_INPUT_SAFETY_RATIO: f64 = 0.9;
const DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_RESERVE: usize = 2048;
const DATA_URL_OVERHEAD_TOKENS: usize = 16;
const JPEG_QUALITY_STEPS: &[u8] = &[82, 72, 60, 48, 36];
const MIN_COMPRESSED_IMAGE_SIDE: u32 = 64;
const IMAGE_INPUT_NOTICE_PREFIX: &str = "[系统提示] 以下图片未能成功入模：";

/// Build content blocks from text and media paths
fn build_content_blocks(
    text: &str,
    media_paths: &[String],
    budget: &mut ImageInlineBudget,
) -> Vec<ContentBlock> {
    build_content_blocks_with_image_budget(text, media_paths, budget)
}

fn build_content_blocks_with_image_budget(
    text: &str,
    media_paths: &[String],
    budget: &mut ImageInlineBudget,
) -> Vec<ContentBlock> {
    let mut blocks = Vec::new();
    let mut skipped_image_notices = Vec::new();

    // Add text block if there's text
    if !text.is_empty() {
        blocks.push(ContentBlock::text(text));
    }

    // Add image blocks for media paths
    for path in media_paths {
        if supported_image_mime_type(path).is_none() {
            tracing::debug!(media_path = %path, "Skipping non-image media ref for LLM image block");
            continue;
        }

        let Some(target_tokens) = budget.take_next_image_tokens() else {
            tracing::warn!(media_path = %path, "Skipping image media ref because no LLM context budget remains");
            skipped_image_notices.push(format!(
                "- {}：模型上下文预算不足，当前轮无法读取这张图片，请直接告知用户图片未成功入模。",
                display_media_name(path)
            ));
            continue;
        };

        match encode_image_to_base64_with_budget(path, target_tokens) {
            Ok((mime_type, base64_data)) => {
                let url = format!("data:{};base64,{}", mime_type, base64_data);
                blocks.push(ContentBlock::image_url(url));
            }
            Err(err) => {
                tracing::warn!(media_path = %path, target_tokens = target_tokens, error = %err, "Skipping image media ref after compression failed");
                skipped_image_notices.push(format!(
                    "- {}：图片压缩或编码失败，当前轮无法读取这张图片，请直接告知用户图片未成功入模。",
                    display_media_name(path)
                ));
                continue;
            }
        }
    }

    if !skipped_image_notices.is_empty() {
        let mut notice = String::from(IMAGE_INPUT_NOTICE_PREFIX);
        notice.push('\n');
        notice.push_str(&skipped_image_notices.join("\n"));
        blocks.push(ContentBlock::text(notice));
    }

    // If nothing, add empty text block
    if blocks.is_empty() {
        blocks.push(ContentBlock::text(""));
    }

    blocks
}

fn supported_image_mime_type(path: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let mime = mime_guess::from_path(path).first_or_octet_stream();
    let essence = mime.essence_str();

    if SUPPORTED_IMAGE_MIME_TYPES.contains(&essence) {
        Some(essence.to_string())
    } else {
        None
    }
}

fn display_media_name(path: &str) -> String {
    std::path::Path::new(path)
        .file_name()
        .and_then(|name| name.to_str())
        .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
        .unwrap_or_else(|| path.to_string())
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct ImageInlineBudget {
    remaining_tokens: usize,
    remaining_images: usize,
}

impl ImageInlineBudget {
    fn new(total_tokens: usize, image_count: usize) -> Self {
        Self {
            remaining_tokens: total_tokens,
            remaining_images: image_count,
        }
    }

    fn take_next_image_tokens(&mut self) -> Option<usize> {
        if self.remaining_tokens == 0 || self.remaining_images == 0 {
            self.remaining_images = self.remaining_images.saturating_sub(1);
            return None;
        }

        let target = self.remaining_tokens.div_ceil(self.remaining_images);
        self.remaining_tokens = self.remaining_tokens.saturating_sub(target);
        self.remaining_images = self.remaining_images.saturating_sub(1);
        Some(target)
    }
}

fn estimate_tokens_from_serialized_json<T: serde::Serialize>(value: &T) -> usize {
    let raw_len = serde_json::to_string(value)
        .map(|serialized| serialized.len())
        .unwrap_or_default();
    ((raw_len.div_ceil(TOKEN_ESTIMATE_CHARS_PER_TOKEN) as f64) * TOKEN_ESTIMATE_SAFETY_MULTIPLIER)
        as usize
}

fn image_token_budget_for_request(
    runtime_config: &AgentRuntimeConfig,
    text_only_messages: &[Message],
    tools: Option<&Vec<crate::domain::tools::Tool>>,
) -> usize {
    let completion_reserve = runtime_config
        .provider
        .max_tokens
        .map(|tokens| tokens as usize)
        .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_RESERVE);
    let input_window = runtime_config
        .context_window_tokens
        .saturating_sub(completion_reserve);
    let safe_input_window = (input_window as f64 * CONTEXT_INPUT_SAFETY_RATIO) as usize;

    let text_tokens = estimate_tokens_from_serialized_json(&text_only_messages)
        + tools
            .map(estimate_tokens_from_serialized_json)
            .unwrap_or_default();

    safe_input_window.saturating_sub(text_tokens)
}

fn count_supported_image_media_refs(messages: &[ChatMessage]) -> usize {
    messages
        .iter()
        .flat_map(|message| message.media_refs.iter())
        .filter(|path| supported_image_mime_type(path).is_some())
        .count()
}

/// 过滤超出轮次限制的图片，并限制总图片数量
///
/// # 参数
/// - `messages`: 原始消息列表
/// - `max_age_rounds`: 图片超过多少消息轮次后不再发送（从最新消息向前数，包括所有 role）
/// - `max_images`: 最多发送多少张图片（优先保留最近的图片）
///
/// # 返回
/// 过滤后的消息列表，图片被转换为文本提示 "[图片已过期]"
fn filter_images_by_age_and_count(
    messages: &[ChatMessage],
    max_age_rounds: usize,
    max_images: usize,
) -> Vec<ChatMessage> {
    if messages.is_empty() || (max_age_rounds == 0 && max_images == 0) {
        return messages.to_vec();
    }

    let total_images = count_supported_image_media_refs(messages);
    if total_images == 0 {
        return messages.to_vec();
    }

    // 从最新消息向前遍历，优先保留最新的图片
    // 消息列表顺序：[old, ..., new]，所以末尾是最新的
    let msg_count = messages.len();

    // 先从后向前遍历，计算每条消息应该保留多少张图片
    // 使用 Vec<usize> 存储每条消息应该保留的图片数量
    let mut images_to_keep_per_msg: Vec<usize> = vec![0; msg_count];
    let mut images_kept = 0usize;

    // 从后向前遍历（从最新到最旧）
    for (idx, message) in messages.iter().enumerate().rev() {
        // 计算距离最新消息的消息数（末尾消息的 age = 0）
        let age_from_end = msg_count.saturating_sub(idx).saturating_sub(1);

        // 检查是否超出轮次限制
        let exceeds_age_limit = max_age_rounds > 0 && age_from_end >= max_age_rounds;

        if exceeds_age_limit {
            continue; // 超出轮次限制的图片不保留
        }

        // 计算这条消息中的图片数量
        let image_count_in_msg = message.media_refs.iter()
            .filter(|p| supported_image_mime_type(p).is_some())
            .count();

        if image_count_in_msg == 0 {
            continue;
        }

        // 计算可以保留多少张
        let can_keep = std::cmp::min(image_count_in_msg, max_images.saturating_sub(images_kept));
        if can_keep > 0 {
            images_to_keep_per_msg[idx] = can_keep;
            images_kept += can_keep;
        }
    }

    // 然后从前向后遍历，构建过滤后的消息列表
    let mut filtered = Vec::with_capacity(msg_count);

    for (idx, message) in messages.iter().enumerate() {
        // 计算距离最新消息的消息数（末尾消息的 age = 0）
        let age_from_end = msg_count.saturating_sub(idx).saturating_sub(1);

        // 检查是否超出轮次限制
        let exceeds_age_limit = max_age_rounds > 0 && age_from_end >= max_age_rounds;

        let keep_count = images_to_keep_per_msg[idx];

        // 过滤图片：保留非图片媒体和指定数量的图片
        let mut images_kept_in_msg = 0usize;
        let filtered_media_refs: Vec<String> = message.media_refs.iter()
            .filter_map(|path| {
                if supported_image_mime_type(path).is_some() {
                    if images_kept_in_msg < keep_count {
                        images_kept_in_msg += 1;
                        Some(path.clone())
                    } else {
                        None
                    }
                } else {
                    Some(path.clone()) // 保留非图片媒体
                }
            })
            .collect();

        // 如果图片被过滤，添加文本提示
        let original_image_count = message.media_refs.iter()
            .filter(|p| supported_image_mime_type(p).is_some())
            .count();
        let filtered_image_count = filtered_media_refs.iter()
            .filter(|p| supported_image_mime_type(p).is_some())
            .count();

        let content = if original_image_count > filtered_image_count {
            let notice = if exceeds_age_limit {
                format!("{} [图片已过期：超出 {} 条消息范围]", message.content, max_age_rounds)
            } else {
                format!("{} [图片已过期：超出最大图片数量限制]", message.content)
            };
            notice
        } else {
            message.content.clone()
        };

        filtered.push(ChatMessage {
            id: message.id.clone(),
            role: message.role.clone(),
            content,
            media_refs: filtered_media_refs,
            timestamp: message.timestamp,
            system_context: message.system_context.clone(),
            reasoning_content: message.reasoning_content.clone(),
            tool_call_id: message.tool_call_id.clone(),
            tool_name: message.tool_name.clone(),
            tool_state: message.tool_state.clone(),
            tool_calls: message.tool_calls.clone(),
        });
    }

    filtered
}

fn target_image_bytes_for_tokens(target_tokens: usize) -> usize {
    target_tokens
        .saturating_sub(DATA_URL_OVERHEAD_TOKENS)
        .saturating_mul(TOKEN_ESTIMATE_CHARS_PER_TOKEN)
        .saturating_mul(3)
        / 4
}

/// Encode an image file to base64 data URL
fn encode_image_to_base64(path: &str) -> Result<(String, String), std::io::Error> {
    use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::STANDARD};

    let mime = supported_image_mime_type(path).ok_or_else(|| {
        std::io::Error::new(
            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
            format!("unsupported image media type for path: {}", path),
        )
    })?;

    let mut file = std::fs::File::open(path)?;
    let mut buffer = Vec::new();
    file.read_to_end(&mut buffer)?;

    let encoded = STANDARD.encode(&buffer);
    Ok((mime, encoded))
}

fn encode_image_to_base64_with_budget(
    path: &str,
    target_tokens: usize,
) -> Result<(String, String), std::io::Error> {
    use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::STANDARD};

    let (mime, encoded) = encode_image_to_base64(path)?;
    let target_base64_chars = target_tokens
        .saturating_sub(DATA_URL_OVERHEAD_TOKENS)
        .saturating_mul(TOKEN_ESTIMATE_CHARS_PER_TOKEN);
    if encoded.len() <= target_base64_chars {
        return Ok((mime, encoded));
    }

    let target_bytes = target_image_bytes_for_tokens(target_tokens);
    let image_bytes = std::fs::read(path)?;
    let image = image::load_from_memory(&image_bytes)
        .map_err(|err| std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, err))?;
    let compressed = compress_image_to_jpeg_budget(&image, target_bytes)?;

    Ok(("image/jpeg".to_string(), STANDARD.encode(compressed)))
}

fn compress_image_to_jpeg_budget(
    image: &image::DynamicImage,
    target_bytes: usize,
) -> Result<Vec<u8>, std::io::Error> {
    use image::codecs::jpeg::JpegEncoder;
    use image::imageops::FilterType;

    let mut best: Option<Vec<u8>> = None;
    let mut max_side = image
        .width()
        .max(image.height())
        .max(MIN_COMPRESSED_IMAGE_SIDE);

    loop {
        let candidate = if image.width().max(image.height()) > max_side {
            image.resize(max_side, max_side, FilterType::Triangle)
        } else {
            image.clone()
        };

        for quality in JPEG_QUALITY_STEPS {
            let mut encoded = Vec::new();
            let mut encoder = JpegEncoder::new_with_quality(&mut encoded, *quality);
            encoder
                .encode_image(&candidate)
                .map_err(|err| std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, err))?;

            if encoded.len() <= target_bytes {
                return Ok(encoded);
            }

            if best
                .as_ref()
                .map(|current| encoded.len() < current.len())
                .unwrap_or(true)
            {
                best = Some(encoded);
            }
        }

        if max_side <= MIN_COMPRESSED_IMAGE_SIDE {
            break;
        }
        max_side = (max_side * 3 / 4).max(MIN_COMPRESSED_IMAGE_SIDE);
    }

    best.ok_or_else(|| {
        std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "image compression failed")
    })
}

/// Truncate tool result if it exceeds the configured limit.
/// Preserves the end of the output as it often contains the conclusion/useful result.
fn truncate_tool_result(output: &str, max_tool_result_chars: usize) -> String {
    let total_chars = char_count(output);
    if total_chars <= max_tool_result_chars {
        return output.to_string();
    }

    let truncated_start_len = total_chars.saturating_sub(TRUNCATION_SUFFIX_LEN);
    if truncated_start_len > max_tool_result_chars {
        // Even after removing suffix, still too long - take from beginning
        let head_len = max_tool_result_chars.saturating_sub(100);
        let head = take_prefix_chars(output, head_len);
        format!(
            "{}...\n\n[Output truncated - {} characters removed]",
            head,
            total_chars - max_tool_result_chars + 100
        )
    } else {
        // Keep most of the end which usually contains the useful result
        let tail = take_suffix_chars(output, total_chars.saturating_sub(truncated_start_len));
        format!(
            "...\n\n[Output truncated - {} characters removed]\n\n{}",
            truncated_start_len, tail
        )
    }
}

fn parse_pending_tool_output(output: &str) -> Option<String> {
    output
        .strip_prefix(PENDING_USER_ACTION_MARKER)
        .map(|rest| rest.trim().to_string())
}

fn normalize_tool_arguments(arguments: &serde_json::Value) -> serde_json::Value {
    match arguments {
        serde_json::Value::String(raw) => {
            serde_json::from_str(raw).unwrap_or_else(|_| arguments.clone())
        }
        _ => arguments.clone(),
    }
}

fn format_error_chain(error: &(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)) -> String {
    let mut details = vec![error.to_string()];
    let mut current = error.source();

    while let Some(source) = current {
        details.push(source.to_string());
        current = source.source();
    }

    details.join("\ncaused by: ")
}

fn is_recoverable_llm_error(error: &str) -> bool {
    let normalized = error.to_ascii_lowercase();
    normalized.contains("504")
        || normalized.contains("gateway timeout")
        || normalized.contains("stream timeout")
        || normalized.contains("timed out")
        || normalized.contains("timeout")
}

fn recoverable_llm_message(error: &str) -> String {
    if is_recoverable_llm_error(error) {
        RECOVERABLE_LLM_ERROR_MESSAGE.to_string()
    } else {
        format!("模型请求失败：{}", error)
    }
}

/// Loop detection result.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
enum LoopDetectionResult {
    /// No warning needed.
    Ok,
    /// Warning: same tool + args repeated N times.
    Warning(String),
}

/// Configuration for loop detector.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct LoopDetectorConfig {
    /// Master switch.
    enabled: bool,
    /// Warn every N consecutive identical calls.
    warn_every: usize,
}

impl Default for LoopDetectorConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            enabled: true,
            warn_every: 5,
        }
    }
}

/// A single recorded tool invocation in the sliding window.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct ToolCallRecord {
    name: String,
    args_hash: u64,
}

/// Stateful loop detector that monitors for repetitive patterns.
struct LoopDetector {
    config: LoopDetectorConfig,
    window: VecDeque<ToolCallRecord>,
}

impl LoopDetector {
    fn new(config: LoopDetectorConfig) -> Self {
        Self {
            window: VecDeque::with_capacity(config.warn_every * 2),
            config,
        }
    }

    /// Record a completed tool call and check for loop patterns.
    /// Returns Warning every `warn_every` consecutive identical calls.
    fn record(&mut self, name: &str, args: &serde_json::Value) -> LoopDetectionResult {
        if !self.config.enabled {
            return LoopDetectionResult::Ok;
        }

        let record = ToolCallRecord {
            name: name.to_string(),
            args_hash: hash_json_value(args),
        };

        // Maintain sliding window
        if self.window.len() >= self.config.warn_every * 2 {
            self.window.pop_front();
        }
        self.window.push_back(record);

        // Count consecutive identical calls
        let last = self.window.back().unwrap();
        let consecutive: usize = self
            .window
            .iter()
            .rev()
            .take_while(|r| r.name == last.name && r.args_hash == last.args_hash)
            .count();

        // Warn every warn_every times
        if consecutive > 0 && consecutive % self.config.warn_every == 0 {
            LoopDetectionResult::Warning(format!(
                "注意: 工具 '{}' 已连续执行 {} 次，参数相同。如果任务没有进展，请尝试其他方法。",
                last.name, consecutive
            ))
        } else {
            LoopDetectionResult::Ok
        }
    }
}

/// Hash a JSON value deterministically (key-order independent).
fn hash_json_value(value: &serde_json::Value) -> u64 {
    let mut hasher = std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher::new();
    let canonical = canonicalise_json(value);
    canonical.hash(&mut hasher);
    hasher.finish()
}

/// Return a clone of value with all object keys sorted recursively.
fn canonicalise_json(value: &serde_json::Value) -> serde_json::Value {
    match value {
        serde_json::Value::Object(map) => {
            let mut sorted: Vec<(&String, &serde_json::Value)> = map.iter().collect();
            sorted.sort_by_key(|(k, _)| *k);
            let new_map: serde_json::Map<String, serde_json::Value> = sorted
                .into_iter()
                .map(|(k, v)| (k.clone(), canonicalise_json(v)))
                .collect();
            serde_json::Value::Object(new_map)
        }
        serde_json::Value::Array(arr) => {
            serde_json::Value::Array(arr.iter().map(canonicalise_json).collect())
        }
        other => other.clone(),
    }
}

/// Convert ChatMessage to LLM Message format
fn chat_message_to_llm_message(m: &ChatMessage, image_budget: &mut ImageInlineBudget) -> Message {
    let content = if m.media_refs.is_empty() {
        vec![ContentBlock::text(&m.content)]
    } else {
        build_content_blocks(&m.content, &m.media_refs, image_budget)
    };

    Message {
        role: m.role.clone(),
        content,
        reasoning_content: m.reasoning_content.clone(),
        tool_call_id: m.tool_call_id.clone(),
        name: m.tool_name.clone(),
        tool_calls: m.tool_calls.clone(),
    }
}

fn chat_message_to_text_only_llm_message(m: &ChatMessage) -> Message {
    Message {
        role: m.role.clone(),
        content: vec![ContentBlock::text(&m.content)],
        reasoning_content: m.reasoning_content.clone(),
        tool_call_id: m.tool_call_id.clone(),
        name: m.tool_name.clone(),
        tool_calls: m.tool_calls.clone(),
    }
}

/// AgentLoop - Stateless agent that processes messages with tool calling support.
/// History is managed externally by SessionManager.
pub struct AgentLoop {
    runtime_config: AgentRuntimeConfig,
    provider: Box<dyn LLMProvider>,
    tools: Arc<ToolRegistry>,
    /// 系统提示词提供者（统一注入 Agent 和 Skill 提示词）
    system_prompt_provider: Option<Arc<dyn SystemPromptProvider>>,
    /// Skill 提供者（用于匹配错误提示）
    skills: Option<Arc<dyn SkillProvider>>,
    tool_context: ToolContext,
    observer: Option<Arc<dyn Observer>>,
    emitted_message_handler: Option<Arc<dyn EmittedMessageHandler>>,
    max_iterations: usize,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct AgentProcessResult {
    pub final_response: ChatMessage,
    pub emitted_messages: Vec<ChatMessage>,
}

#[async_trait]
pub trait EmittedMessageHandler: Send + Sync + 'static {
    async fn handle(&self, message: ChatMessage);
}

/// 装饰器：在内部 emitter 广播前，先将消息持久化到 DB
pub struct PersistingEmittedMessageHandler<H: EmittedMessageHandler> {
    inner: H,
    conversation_repository: Arc<dyn ConversationRepository>,
    session_id: String,
    topic_id: Option<String>,
}

impl<H: EmittedMessageHandler> PersistingEmittedMessageHandler<H> {
    pub fn new(
        inner: H,
        conversation_repository: Arc<dyn ConversationRepository>,
        session_id: impl Into<String>,
        topic_id: Option<String>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self { inner, conversation_repository, session_id: session_id.into(), topic_id }
    }
}

#[async_trait]
impl<H: EmittedMessageHandler> EmittedMessageHandler for PersistingEmittedMessageHandler<H> {
    async fn handle(&self, message: ChatMessage) {
        if let Err(e) = self.conversation_repository
            .append_message_with_topic(&self.session_id, self.topic_id.as_deref(), &message)
        {
            tracing::error!(error = %e, session_id = %self.session_id,
                "Failed to persist emitted message");
        }
        self.inner.handle(message).await;
    }
}

pub trait SkillProvider: Send + Sync + 'static {
    fn system_index_prompt(&self) -> Option<String>;

    fn matching_skill_summary(&self, _name: &str) -> Option<String> {
        None
    }
}

#[derive(Default)]
#[allow(dead_code)]
struct EmptySkillProvider;

impl SkillProvider for EmptySkillProvider {
    fn system_index_prompt(&self) -> Option<String> {
        None
    }
}

impl AgentLoop {
    pub fn new(config: impl Into<AgentRuntimeConfig>) -> Result<Self, AgentError> {
        let runtime_config = config.into();
        let max_iterations = runtime_config.max_tool_iterations;
        let provider = create_provider(runtime_config.provider.clone())
            .map_err(|e| AgentError::ProviderCreation(e.to_string()))?;

        Ok(Self {
            runtime_config,
            provider,
            tools: Arc::new(ToolRegistry::new()),
            system_prompt_provider: None,
            skills: None,
            tool_context: ToolContext::default(),
            observer: None,
            emitted_message_handler: None,
            max_iterations,
        })
    }

    pub fn with_tools(
        config: impl Into<AgentRuntimeConfig>,
        tools: Arc<ToolRegistry>,
    ) -> Result<Self, AgentError> {
        let runtime_config = config.into();
        let max_iterations = runtime_config.max_tool_iterations;
        let provider = create_provider(runtime_config.provider.clone())
            .map_err(|e| AgentError::ProviderCreation(e.to_string()))?;

        Ok(Self {
            runtime_config,
            provider,
            tools,
            system_prompt_provider: None,
            skills: None,
            tool_context: ToolContext::default(),
            observer: None,
            emitted_message_handler: None,
            max_iterations,
        })
    }

    pub fn with_tools_and_skill_provider(
        config: impl Into<AgentRuntimeConfig>,
        tools: Arc<ToolRegistry>,
        skills: Arc<dyn SkillProvider>,
    ) -> Result<Self, AgentError> {
        let runtime_config = config.into();
        let max_iterations = runtime_config.max_tool_iterations;
        let provider = create_provider(runtime_config.provider.clone())
            .map_err(|e| AgentError::ProviderCreation(e.to_string()))?;

        Ok(Self {
            runtime_config,
            provider,
            tools,
            system_prompt_provider: None,
            skills: Some(skills),
            tool_context: ToolContext::default(),
            observer: None,
            emitted_message_handler: None,
            max_iterations,
        })
    }

    /// 使用系统提示词提供者创建 AgentLoop
    ///
    /// 这是新的推荐方式，支持统一注入 Agent 和 Skill 提示词。
    pub fn with_tools_and_system_prompt_provider(
        config: impl Into<AgentRuntimeConfig>,
        tools: Arc<ToolRegistry>,
        system_prompt_provider: Arc<dyn SystemPromptProvider>,
        skills: Option<Arc<dyn SkillProvider>>,
    ) -> Result<Self, AgentError> {
        let runtime_config = config.into();
        let max_iterations = runtime_config.max_tool_iterations;
        let provider = create_provider(runtime_config.provider.clone())
            .map_err(|e| AgentError::ProviderCreation(e.to_string()))?;

        Ok(Self {
            runtime_config,
            provider,
            tools,
            system_prompt_provider: Some(system_prompt_provider),
            skills,
            tool_context: ToolContext::default(),
            observer: None,
            emitted_message_handler: None,
            max_iterations,
        })
    }

    pub fn with_tool_context(mut self, context: ToolContext) -> Self {
        self.tool_context = context;
        self
    }

    /// Set an observer for tracking events.
    pub fn with_observer(mut self, observer: Arc<dyn Observer>) -> Self {
        self.observer = Some(observer);
        self
    }

    pub fn with_emitted_message_handler(mut self, handler: Arc<dyn EmittedMessageHandler>) -> Self {
        self.emitted_message_handler = Some(handler);
        self
    }

    pub fn tools(&self) -> &Arc<ToolRegistry> {
        &self.tools
    }

    /// Process a message using the provided conversation history.
    /// History management is handled externally by SessionManager.
    ///
    /// This method supports multi-round tool calling: after executing tools,
    /// it loops back to the LLM with the tool results until either:
    /// - The LLM returns no more tool calls (final response)
    /// - Maximum iterations are reached
    ///
    /// # 参数
    /// - `messages`: 会话历史消息
    /// - `system_prompt_context`: 系统提示词上下文（用于动态注入，可选）
    pub async fn process(
        &self,
        mut messages: Vec<ChatMessage>,
        system_prompt_context: Option<&SystemPromptContext>,
    ) -> Result<AgentProcessResult, AgentError> {
        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
        tracing::debug!(
            history_len = messages.len(),
            max_iterations = self.max_iterations,
            "Starting agent process"
        );

        // Track tool calls for loop detection
        let mut loop_detector = LoopDetector::new(LoopDetectorConfig::default());
        let mut emitted_messages = Vec::new();

        for iteration in 0..self.max_iterations {
            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
            tracing::debug!(iteration, "Agent iteration started");

            // Build request
            let tool_defs = self.tools.get_definitions();
            let tools = if tool_defs.is_empty() {
                None
            } else {
                Some(tool_defs)
            };

            // 过滤超出轮次和数量限制的图片
            let filtered_messages = filter_images_by_age_and_count(
                &messages,
                self.runtime_config.max_image_age_rounds,
                self.runtime_config.max_images_in_context,
            );
            let image_count = count_supported_image_media_refs(&filtered_messages);

            // 构建系统提示词（统一注入 Agent 和 Skill 提示词）
            let system_prompt = system_prompt_context.and_then(|ctx| {
                self.system_prompt_provider
                    .as_ref()
                    .and_then(|provider| provider.build(ctx))
            });

            let mut text_only_messages: Vec<Message> = Vec::with_capacity(filtered_messages.len() + 2);
            if let Some(ref prompt) = system_prompt {
                text_only_messages.push(Message::system(prompt.content.clone()));
            }
            text_only_messages.extend(filtered_messages.iter().map(chat_message_to_text_only_llm_message));

            let image_tokens = image_token_budget_for_request(
                &self.runtime_config,
                &text_only_messages,
                tools.as_ref(),
            );
            let mut image_budget = ImageInlineBudget::new(image_tokens, image_count);
            let mut messages_for_llm: Vec<Message> = Vec::with_capacity(filtered_messages.len() + 2);
            // 使用相同的系统提示词（已构建）
            if let Some(ref prompt) = system_prompt {
                messages_for_llm.push(Message::system(prompt.content.clone()));
            }
            messages_for_llm.extend(
                filtered_messages
                    .iter()
                    .map(|message| chat_message_to_llm_message(message, &mut image_budget)),
            );

            let request = ChatCompletionRequest {
                messages: messages_for_llm,
                temperature: None,
                max_tokens: None,
                tools,
            };

            let response = match (*self.provider).chat(request).await {
                Ok(response) => response,
                Err(e) => {
                    tracing::error!(
                        provider = %self.provider.name(),
                        model = %self.provider.model_id(),
                        error = %e,
                        error_details = %format_error_chain(e.as_ref()),
                        "LLM request failed"
                    );
                    let assistant_message =
                        ChatMessage::assistant(recoverable_llm_message(&e.to_string()));
                    emitted_messages.push(assistant_message.clone());
                    self.emit_live_tool_call_message(assistant_message.clone()).await;
                    return Ok(AgentProcessResult {
                        final_response: assistant_message,
                        emitted_messages,
                    });
                }
            };

            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
            tracing::debug!(
                iteration,
                response_len = response.content.len(),
                tool_calls_len = response.tool_calls.len(),
                "LLM response received"
            );

            // If no tool calls, this is the final response
            if response.tool_calls.is_empty() {
                let assistant_message = if let Some(reasoning_content) = response.reasoning_content
                {
                    ChatMessage::assistant_with_reasoning(response.content, reasoning_content)
                } else {
                    ChatMessage::assistant(response.content)
                };
                emitted_messages.push(assistant_message.clone());
                self.emit_live_tool_call_message(assistant_message.clone()).await;
                return Ok(AgentProcessResult {
                    final_response: assistant_message,
                    emitted_messages,
                });
            }

            // Execute tool calls
            tracing::info!(
                iteration,
                count = response.tool_calls.len(),
                "Tool calls detected, executing tools"
            );

            // Add assistant message with tool calls
            let assistant_message =
                if let Some(reasoning_content) = response.reasoning_content.clone() {
                    ChatMessage::assistant_with_tool_calls_and_reasoning(
                        response.content.clone(),
                        response.tool_calls.clone(),
                        reasoning_content,
                    )
                } else {
                    ChatMessage::assistant_with_tool_calls(
                        response.content.clone(),
                        response.tool_calls.clone(),
                    )
                };
            messages.push(assistant_message.clone());
            emitted_messages.push(assistant_message);
            self.emit_live_tool_call_message(
                emitted_messages
                    .last()
                    .expect("assistant message just pushed")
                    .clone(),
            )
            .await;

            // Execute tools and add results to messages
            let tool_results = self.execute_tools(&response.tool_calls).await;

            for (tool_call, result) in response.tool_calls.iter().zip(tool_results.iter()) {
                // Truncate tool result if too large
                let truncated_output =
                    truncate_tool_result(&result.output, self.runtime_config.tool_result_max_chars);

                // Record tool call and check for loops
                let loop_result = loop_detector.record(&tool_call.name, &tool_call.arguments);

                match loop_result {
                    LoopDetectionResult::Warning(msg) => {
                        // Add warning and proceed
                        tracing::warn!(
                            tool = %tool_call.name,
                            "Loop warning: {}",
                            msg
                        );
                        let tool_message = ChatMessage::tool_with_state(
                            tool_call.id.clone(),
                            tool_call.name.clone(),
                            format!("{}\n\n[上一条结果]\n{}", msg, truncated_output),
                            if result.state == ToolExecutionState::PendingUserAction {
                                ToolMessageState::PendingUserAction
                            } else {
                                ToolMessageState::Completed
                            },
                        );
                        messages.push(tool_message.clone());
                        emitted_messages.push(tool_message.clone());
                        self.emit_live_tool_call_message(tool_message).await;
                    }
                    LoopDetectionResult::Ok => {
                        let tool_message = ChatMessage::tool_with_state(
                            tool_call.id.clone(),
                            tool_call.name.clone(),
                            truncated_output,
                            if result.state == ToolExecutionState::PendingUserAction {
                                ToolMessageState::PendingUserAction
                            } else {
                                ToolMessageState::Completed
                            },
                        );
                        messages.push(tool_message.clone());
                        emitted_messages.push(tool_message.clone());
                        self.emit_live_tool_call_message(tool_message).await;
                    }
                }
            }

            if let Some((tool_call, pending_result)) = response
                .tool_calls
                .iter()
                .zip(tool_results.iter())
                .find(|(_, result)| result.state == ToolExecutionState::PendingUserAction)
            {
                let assistant_message = ChatMessage::assistant(format!(
                    "{}\n\n当前等待中的工具: {}",
                    pending_result
                        .output
                        .lines()
                        .next()
                        .filter(|line| !line.trim().is_empty())
                        .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_PENDING_ASSISTANT_MESSAGE),
                    tool_call.name,
                ));
                emitted_messages.push(assistant_message.clone());
                self.emit_live_tool_call_message(assistant_message.clone()).await;
                return Ok(AgentProcessResult {
                    final_response: assistant_message,
                    emitted_messages,
                });
            }

            // Loop continues to next iteration with updated messages
            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
            tracing::debug!(
                iteration,
                message_count = messages.len(),
                "Tool execution complete, continuing to next iteration"
            );
        }

        // Max iterations reached - ask LLM for a summary based on completed work
        tracing::warn!("Max iterations reached, requesting final summary from LLM");

        // Add a message asking for summary
        let summary_request = ChatMessage::user(
            "You have reached the maximum number of tool call iterations. \
            Please provide your best answer based on the work completed so far.",
        );
        messages.push(summary_request);

        // 过滤超出轮次和数量限制的图片
        let filtered_messages = filter_images_by_age_and_count(
            &messages,
            self.runtime_config.max_image_age_rounds,
            self.runtime_config.max_images_in_context,
        );

        // Convert messages to LLM format (使用系统提示词提供者)
        let image_count = count_supported_image_media_refs(&filtered_messages);
        let mut text_only_messages: Vec<Message> = Vec::with_capacity(filtered_messages.len() + 1);
        if let Some(ref provider) = self.system_prompt_provider {
            if let Some(ctx) = system_prompt_context {
                if let Some(prompt) = provider.build(ctx) {
                    text_only_messages.push(Message::system(prompt.content.clone()));
                }
            }
        }
        text_only_messages.extend(filtered_messages.iter().map(chat_message_to_text_only_llm_message));
        let image_tokens =
            image_token_budget_for_request(&self.runtime_config, &text_only_messages, None);
        let mut image_budget = ImageInlineBudget::new(image_tokens, image_count);
        let mut messages_for_llm: Vec<Message> = Vec::with_capacity(filtered_messages.len() + 1);
        if let Some(ref provider) = self.system_prompt_provider {
            if let Some(ctx) = system_prompt_context {
                if let Some(prompt) = provider.build(ctx) {
                    messages_for_llm.push(Message::system(prompt.content.clone()));
                }
            }
        }
        messages_for_llm.extend(
            filtered_messages
                .iter()
                .map(|message| chat_message_to_llm_message(message, &mut image_budget)),
        );

        let request = ChatCompletionRequest {
            messages: messages_for_llm,
            temperature: None,
            max_tokens: None,
            tools: None, // No tools in final summary call
        };

        match (*self.provider).chat(request).await {
            Ok(response) => {
                let assistant_message = if let Some(reasoning_content) = response.reasoning_content
                {
                    ChatMessage::assistant_with_reasoning(response.content, reasoning_content)
                } else {
                    ChatMessage::assistant(response.content)
                };
                emitted_messages.push(assistant_message.clone());
                self.emit_live_tool_call_message(assistant_message.clone()).await;
                Ok(AgentProcessResult {
                    final_response: assistant_message,
                    emitted_messages,
                })
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::error!(
                    provider = %self.provider.name(),
                    model = %self.provider.model_id(),
                    error = %e,
                    error_details = %format_error_chain(e.as_ref()),
                    "Failed to get summary from LLM"
                );
                let final_message = ChatMessage::assistant(recoverable_llm_message(&e.to_string()));
                emitted_messages.push(final_message.clone());
                self.emit_live_tool_call_message(final_message.clone()).await;
                Ok(AgentProcessResult {
                    final_response: final_message,
                    emitted_messages,
                })
            }
        }
    }

    async fn emit_live_tool_call_message(&self, message: ChatMessage) {
        if let Some(handler) = &self.emitted_message_handler {
            handler.handle(message).await;
        }
    }

    /// Determine whether to execute tools in parallel or sequentially.
    ///
    /// Returns true if:
    /// - There are multiple tool calls
    /// - None of the tools require sequential execution (tool_search, non-concurrency-safe)
    fn should_execute_in_parallel(&self, tool_calls: &[ToolCall]) -> bool {
        if tool_calls.len() <= 1 {
            return false;
        }

        // tool_search must run sequentially to avoid MCP activation race conditions
        if tool_calls.iter().any(|tc| tc.name == "tool_search") {
            return false;
        }

        // Multiple Task tools can run in parallel
        // Task tools create independent subagents with isolated contexts, no shared state
        let task_count = tool_calls.iter().filter(|tc| tc.name == "task").count();
        if task_count > 1 && task_count == tool_calls.len() {
            return true;
        }

        // When Task is mixed with other tools, keep sequential to avoid complexity
        if task_count > 0 {
            return false;
        }

        // All tools must be concurrency-safe to run in parallel
        tool_calls.iter().all(|tc| {
            self.tools
                .get(&tc.name)
                .map(|t| t.concurrency_safe())
                .unwrap_or(false)
        })
    }

    /// Execute multiple tool calls, choosing parallel or sequential based on conditions.
    async fn execute_tools(&self, tool_calls: &[ToolCall]) -> Vec<ToolExecutionOutcome> {
        if self.should_execute_in_parallel(tool_calls) {
            tracing::debug!("Executing {} tools in parallel", tool_calls.len());
            self.execute_tools_parallel(tool_calls).await
        } else {
            tracing::debug!("Executing {} tools sequentially", tool_calls.len());
            self.execute_tools_sequential(tool_calls).await
        }
    }

    /// Execute tools in parallel using join_all.
    async fn execute_tools_parallel(&self, tool_calls: &[ToolCall]) -> Vec<ToolExecutionOutcome> {
        let futures: Vec<_> = tool_calls
            .iter()
            .map(|tc| self.execute_one_tool(tc))
            .collect();

        futures_util::future::join_all(futures).await
    }

    /// Execute tools sequentially.
    async fn execute_tools_sequential(&self, tool_calls: &[ToolCall]) -> Vec<ToolExecutionOutcome> {
        let mut outcomes = Vec::with_capacity(tool_calls.len());

        for tool_call in tool_calls {
            outcomes.push(self.execute_one_tool(tool_call).await);
        }

        outcomes
    }

    /// Execute a single tool and return the outcome with event tracking.
    async fn execute_one_tool(&self, tool_call: &ToolCall) -> ToolExecutionOutcome {
        let start = Instant::now();
        let tool_name = tool_call.name.clone();

        // Log function call with name and arguments before execution
        let args_str = match &tool_call.arguments {
            serde_json::Value::Object(obj) if obj.is_empty() => "{}".to_string(),
            other => {
                serde_json::to_string_pretty(other).unwrap_or_else(|_| other.to_string())
            }
        };
        tracing::info!(tool = %tool_call.name, args = %args_str, "Calling tool");

        // Record ToolCallStart event
        if let Some(ref observer) = self.observer {
            observer.record_event(&ObserverEvent::ToolCallStart {
                tool: tool_name.clone(),
                arguments: Some(truncate_args(&tool_call.arguments, 300)),
            });
        }

        let result = self.execute_tool_internal(tool_call).await;
        let duration = start.elapsed();

        // Record ToolCall event
        if let Some(ref observer) = self.observer {
            observer.record_event(&ObserverEvent::ToolCall {
                tool: tool_name.clone(),
                duration,
                success: result.success,
            });
        }

        // Apply duration
        ToolExecutionOutcome { duration, ..result }
    }

    /// Internal tool execution without event tracking.
    async fn execute_tool_internal(&self, tool_call: &ToolCall) -> ToolExecutionOutcome {
        let normalized_arguments = normalize_tool_arguments(&tool_call.arguments);

        let tool = match self.tools.get(&tool_call.name) {
            Some(t) => t,
            None => {
                tracing::warn!(tool = %tool_call.name, "Tool not found");
                let skill_hint = self.skills
                    .as_ref()
                    .and_then(|s| s.matching_skill_summary(&tool_call.name));
                let error = match skill_hint {
                    Some(summary) => format!(
                        "Tool '{}' not found. A skill with the same name exists: {}. Skills are not tools. Call skill_activate with {{\"name\": \"{}\"}} first.",
                        tool_call.name, summary, tool_call.name
                    ),
                    None => format!("Tool '{}' not found", tool_call.name),
                };
                return ToolExecutionOutcome::failure(
                    format!("Error: {}", error),
                    Some(error),
                );
            }
        };

        match tool
            .execute_with_context(&self.tool_context, normalized_arguments.clone())
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                if result.success {
                    if let Some(pending_output) = parse_pending_tool_output(&result.output) {
                        ToolExecutionOutcome::pending(pending_output)
                    } else {
                        ToolExecutionOutcome::success(result.output)
                    }
                } else {
                    let error = result.error.unwrap_or_default();
                    tracing::error!(
                        tool = %tool_call.name,
                        args = %truncate_args(&tool_call.arguments, 4_000),
                        normalized_args = %truncate_args(&normalized_arguments, 4_000),
                        error = %error,
                        output = %result.output,
                        "Tool returned an error result"
                    );
                    ToolExecutionOutcome::failure(format!("Error: {}", error), Some(error))
                }
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::error!(
                    tool = %tool_call.name,
                    args = %truncate_args(&tool_call.arguments, 4_000),
                    normalized_args = %truncate_args(&normalized_arguments, 4_000),
                    error = %e,
                    error_details = %format!("{:#}", e),
                    "Tool execution failed"
                );
                ToolExecutionOutcome::failure(format!("Error: {}", e), Some(e.to_string()))
            }
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::config::LLMProviderConfig;
    use crate::observability::{MultiObserver, Observer};
    use tempfile::tempdir;

    struct TestObserver {
        events: std::sync::Mutex<Vec<ObserverEvent>>,
    }

    impl TestObserver {
        fn new() -> Self {
            Self {
                events: std::sync::Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
            }
        }
    }

    impl Observer for TestObserver {
        fn record_event(&self, event: &ObserverEvent) {
            self.events.lock().unwrap().push(event.clone());
        }

        fn name(&self) -> &str {
            "test_observer"
        }
    }

    struct TestSkillProvider;

    impl SkillProvider for TestSkillProvider {
        fn system_index_prompt(&self) -> Option<String> {
            None
        }

        fn matching_skill_summary(&self, name: &str) -> Option<String> {
            (name == "baidu-search").then(|| "用于百度搜索和天气查询的技能".to_string())
        }
    }

    fn test_runtime_config() -> LLMProviderConfig {
        LLMProviderConfig {
            provider_type: "openai".to_string(),
            name: "test".to_string(),
            base_url: "http://localhost".to_string(),
            api_key: "test-key".to_string(),
            extra_headers: std::collections::HashMap::new(),
            llm_timeout_secs: 120,
            memory_maintenance_timeout_secs: 600,
            model_id: "test-model".to_string(),
            temperature: Some(0.0),
            max_tokens: Some(32),
            context_window_tokens: None,
            model_extra: std::collections::HashMap::new(),
            max_tool_iterations: 1,
            tool_result_max_chars: 20_000,
            context_tool_result_trim_chars: 20_000,
            max_images_in_context: 1,
            max_image_age_rounds: 10,
        }
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_missing_tool_with_same_name_skill_returns_activation_hint() {
        let loop_instance = AgentLoop::with_tools_and_skill_provider(
            test_runtime_config(),
            Arc::new(ToolRegistry::new()),
            Arc::new(TestSkillProvider),
        )
        .unwrap();

        let outcome = loop_instance
            .execute_tool_internal(&ToolCall {
                id: "call-1".to_string(),
                name: "baidu-search".to_string(),
                arguments: serde_json::json!({
                    "queries": "佛山今天几点下雨"
                }),
            })
            .await;

        assert_eq!(outcome.state, ToolExecutionState::Completed);
        assert!(!outcome.success);
        assert!(outcome.output.contains("技能"));
        assert!(outcome.output.contains("skill_activate"));
        assert!(outcome.output.contains("baidu-search"));
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_observer_receives_tool_events() {
        // Verify MultiObserver works
        let mut multi = MultiObserver::new();
        multi.add_observer(Box::new(TestObserver::new()));

        let event = ObserverEvent::ToolCallStart {
            tool: "test".to_string(),
            arguments: Some("{}".to_string()),
        };
        multi.record_event(&event);

        // Just verify the structure works
        assert_eq!(multi.len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_should_execute_in_parallel_single_tool() {
        // Would need a proper setup with AgentLoop to test fully
        // For now, just verify the logic: single tool should return false
        let calls = vec![ToolCall {
            id: "1".to_string(),
            name: "test".to_string(),
            arguments: serde_json::json!({}),
        }];

        // If there's only 1 tool, should return false regardless
        assert_eq!(calls.len() <= 1, true);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_chat_message_to_llm_message_preserves_assistant_tool_calls() {
        let chat_message = ChatMessage::assistant_with_tool_calls(
            "calling tool",
            vec![ToolCall {
                id: "call_1".to_string(),
                name: "calculator".to_string(),
                arguments: serde_json::json!({ "expression": "2+2" }),
            }],
        );

        let mut image_budget = ImageInlineBudget::new(0, 0);
        let provider_message = chat_message_to_llm_message(&chat_message, &mut image_budget);

        assert_eq!(provider_message.role, "assistant");
        assert_eq!(provider_message.tool_calls.as_ref().unwrap().len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(
            provider_message.tool_calls.as_ref().unwrap()[0].id,
            "call_1"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            provider_message.tool_calls.as_ref().unwrap()[0].name,
            "calculator"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_chat_message_to_llm_message_preserves_reasoning_content() {
        let chat_message =
            ChatMessage::assistant_with_reasoning("final answer", "hidden chain of thought");

        let mut image_budget = ImageInlineBudget::new(0, 0);
        let provider_message = chat_message_to_llm_message(&chat_message, &mut image_budget);

        assert_eq!(provider_message.role, "assistant");
        assert_eq!(
            provider_message.reasoning_content.as_deref(),
            Some("hidden chain of thought")
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_truncate_tool_result_handles_utf8_char_boundaries() {
        let input = "范".repeat(20_500);

        let output = truncate_tool_result(&input, 20_000);

        assert!(output.contains("Output truncated"));
        assert!(output.is_char_boundary(output.len()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_pending_tool_output() {
        let output = parse_pending_tool_output("__PICOBOT_PENDING_USER_ACTION__\n请完成授权");
        assert_eq!(output.as_deref(), Some("请完成授权"));
        assert!(parse_pending_tool_output("normal output").is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_normalize_tool_arguments_parses_stringified_json() {
        let normalized = normalize_tool_arguments(&serde_json::Value::String(
            "{\"command\":\"ls -la\"}".to_string(),
        ));

        assert_eq!(normalized, serde_json::json!({ "command": "ls -la" }));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_normalize_tool_arguments_keeps_plain_string() {
        let normalized =
            normalize_tool_arguments(&serde_json::Value::String("plain text".to_string()));

        assert_eq!(
            normalized,
            serde_json::Value::String("plain text".to_string())
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_content_blocks_skips_non_image_media_refs() {
        let temp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
        let pdf_path = temp_dir.path().join("demo.pdf");
        std::fs::write(&pdf_path, b"%PDF-1.4").unwrap();

        let mut budget = ImageInlineBudget::new(1_000, 0);
        let blocks = build_content_blocks(
            "hello",
            &[pdf_path.to_string_lossy().to_string()],
            &mut budget,
        );

        assert_eq!(blocks.len(), 1);
        assert!(matches!(&blocks[0], ContentBlock::Text { text } if text == "hello"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_content_blocks_keeps_supported_images() {
        let temp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
        let jpg_path = temp_dir.path().join("demo.jpg");
        let image = image::DynamicImage::new_rgb8(8, 8);
        image.save(&jpg_path).unwrap();

        let mut budget = ImageInlineBudget::new(10_000, 1);
        let blocks = build_content_blocks(
            "hello",
            &[jpg_path.to_string_lossy().to_string()],
            &mut budget,
        );

        assert_eq!(blocks.len(), 2);
        assert!(matches!(&blocks[0], ContentBlock::Text { text } if text == "hello"));
        assert!(
            matches!(&blocks[1], ContentBlock::ImageUrl { image_url } if image_url.url.starts_with("data:image/jpeg;base64,"))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_content_blocks_compresses_images_to_budget() {
        let temp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
        let png_path = temp_dir.path().join("large.png");
        let image = image::DynamicImage::new_rgb8(512, 512);
        image.save(&png_path).unwrap();

        let mut budget = ImageInlineBudget::new(512, 1);
        let blocks = build_content_blocks(
            "hello",
            &[png_path.to_string_lossy().to_string()],
            &mut budget,
        );

        assert_eq!(blocks.len(), 2);
        assert!(matches!(&blocks[0], ContentBlock::Text { text } if text == "hello"));
        assert!(
            matches!(&blocks[1], ContentBlock::ImageUrl { image_url } if image_url.url.starts_with("data:image/jpeg;base64,"))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_content_blocks_adds_user_visible_notice_when_image_cannot_be_sent() {
        let temp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
        let jpg_path = temp_dir.path().join("demo.jpg");
        let image = image::DynamicImage::new_rgb8(8, 8);
        image.save(&jpg_path).unwrap();

        let mut budget = ImageInlineBudget::new(0, 1);
        let blocks = build_content_blocks(
            "hello",
            &[jpg_path.to_string_lossy().to_string()],
            &mut budget,
        );

        assert_eq!(blocks.len(), 2);
        assert!(matches!(&blocks[0], ContentBlock::Text { text } if text == "hello"));
        assert!(matches!(
            &blocks[1],
            ContentBlock::Text { text }
                if text.contains("图片未能成功入模") && text.contains("demo.jpg")
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_filter_images_by_age_and_count_no_images() {
        let messages = vec![
            ChatMessage::user("hello"),
            ChatMessage::assistant("hi"),
            ChatMessage::user("how are you"),
        ];

        let filtered = filter_images_by_age_and_count(&messages, 10, 5);
        assert_eq!(filtered.len(), 3);
        assert_eq!(filtered[0].content, "hello");
        assert_eq!(filtered[1].content, "hi");
        assert_eq!(filtered[2].content, "how are you");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_filter_images_by_age_limit() {
        let temp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
        let jpg_path = temp_dir.path().join("test.jpg");
        let image = image::DynamicImage::new_rgb8(8, 8);
        image.save(&jpg_path).unwrap();

        // 创建 12 条消息，第 0 条（最旧）有图片
        let messages: Vec<ChatMessage> = (0..12)
            .map(|i| {
                if i == 0 {
                    ChatMessage::user_with_media(
                        "first message with image",
                        vec![jpg_path.to_string_lossy().to_string()],
                    )
                } else if i % 2 == 0 {
                    ChatMessage::user(format!("user message {}", i))
                } else {
                    ChatMessage::assistant(format!("assistant message {}", i))
                }
            })
            .collect();

        // max_age_rounds = 10，第一条消息（索引 0）距离最新消息（索引 11）有 11 条消息
        // 所以第一条消息的图片应该被过滤
        let filtered = filter_images_by_age_and_count(&messages, 10, 100);

        // 检查第一条消息的图片被过滤
        assert_eq!(filtered[0].media_refs.len(), 0);
        assert!(filtered[0].content.contains("图片已过期"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_filter_images_by_count_limit() {
        let temp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();

        // 创建 3 张不同的图片
        let jpg_paths: Vec<String> = (0..3)
            .map(|i| {
                let path = temp_dir.path().join(format!("test{}.jpg", i));
                let image = image::DynamicImage::new_rgb8(8, 8);
                image.save(&path).unwrap();
                path.to_string_lossy().to_string()
            })
            .collect();

        // 创建 3 条消息，每条都有图片
        let messages: Vec<ChatMessage> = (0..3)
            .map(|i| {
                ChatMessage::user_with_media(
                    format!("message {}", i),
                    vec![jpg_paths[i].clone()],
                )
            })
            .collect();

        // max_images = 1，只保留最新的图片（索引 2）
        let filtered = filter_images_by_age_and_count(&messages, 100, 1);

        // 检查最新的消息保留图片，旧消息的图片被过滤
        assert_eq!(filtered[2].media_refs.len(), 1); // 最新保留
        assert_eq!(filtered[1].media_refs.len(), 0); // 被过滤
        assert!(filtered[1].content.contains("超出最大图片数量限制"));
        assert_eq!(filtered[0].media_refs.len(), 0); // 被过滤
        assert!(filtered[0].content.contains("超出最大图片数量限制"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_filter_images_combined_limits() {
        let temp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();

        // 创建 5 张图片
        let jpg_paths: Vec<String> = (0..5)
            .map(|i| {
                let path = temp_dir.path().join(format!("test{}.jpg", i));
                let image = image::DynamicImage::new_rgb8(8, 8);
                image.save(&path).unwrap();
                path.to_string_lossy().to_string()
            })
            .collect();

        // 创建 20 条消息，在特定位置添加图片
        let messages: Vec<ChatMessage> = (0..20)
            .map(|i| {
                // 在索引 0, 5, 10, 15, 19 添加图片
                if i == 0 || i == 5 || i == 10 || i == 15 || i == 19 {
                    let image_idx = i / 5;
                    ChatMessage::user_with_media(
                        format!("message {} with image", i),
                        vec![jpg_paths[image_idx.clamp(0, 4)].clone()],
                    )
                } else if i % 2 == 0 {
                    ChatMessage::user(format!("user message {}", i))
                } else {
                    ChatMessage::assistant(format!("assistant message {}", i))
                }
            })
            .collect();

        // max_age_rounds = 10（保留最近 10 条消息内的图片）
        // max_images = 3（最多 3 张图片）
        // 最新消息索引 19 (age=0)，索引 15 (age=4)，索引 10 (age=9)，索引 5 (age=14)，索引 0 (age=19)
        // 索引 5 和 0 超出 age 限制
        // 索引 19, 15, 10 的图片应该保留（共 3 张，不超过 max_images）
        let filtered = filter_images_by_age_and_count(&messages, 10, 3);

        // 检查结果
        assert!(filtered[19].media_refs.len() > 0, "最新消息应保留图片");
        assert!(filtered[15].media_refs.len() > 0, "age=4 的消息应保留图片");
        assert!(filtered[10].media_refs.len() > 0, "age=9 的消息应保留图片");
        assert_eq!(filtered[5].media_refs.len(), 0, "age=14 的消息图片应被过滤");
        assert!(filtered[5].content.contains("超出 10 条消息范围"));
        assert_eq!(filtered[0].media_refs.len(), 0, "age=19 的消息图片应被过滤");
        assert!(filtered[0].content.contains("超出 10 条消息范围"));
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum AgentError {
    ProviderCreation(String),
    LlmError(String),
    Other(String),
}

impl std::fmt::Display for AgentError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            AgentError::ProviderCreation(e) => write!(f, "Provider creation error: {}", e),
            AgentError::LlmError(e) => write!(f, "LLM error: {}", e),
            AgentError::Other(e) => write!(f, "{}", e),
        }
    }
}

impl std::error::Error for AgentError {}