diff --git a/src/gateway/session.rs b/src/gateway/session.rs
index 5e7f386..c93fded 100644
--- a/src/gateway/session.rs
+++ b/src/gateway/session.rs
@@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ mod tests {
             HashSet::new(),
             crate::config::TaskConfig::default(),
             crate::config::SubagentsConfig::default(),
-            crate::config::MemoryMaintenanceConfig::default(),
+            test_maintenance_config(),
             Some(24),
             crate::mcp::McpConfig::default(),
         )
@@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@ mod tests {
             HashSet::new(),
             crate::config::TaskConfig::default(),
             crate::config::SubagentsConfig::default(),
-            crate::config::MemoryMaintenanceConfig::default(),
+            test_maintenance_config(),
             Some(24),
             crate::mcp::McpConfig::default(),
         )
@@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ mod tests {
             HashSet::new(),
             crate::config::TaskConfig::default(),
             crate::config::SubagentsConfig::default(),
-            crate::config::MemoryMaintenanceConfig::default(),
+            test_maintenance_config(),
             Some(24),
             crate::mcp::McpConfig::default(),
         )
@@ -1211,6 +1211,14 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(scheduled_prompt.content.contains("你是邮箱待办同步助手。"));
     }
 
+    /// 测试专用的 MemoryMaintenanceConfig，降低 min_memories_to_keep 以便于单条记忆测试
+    fn test_maintenance_config() -> crate::config::MemoryMaintenanceConfig {
+        crate::config::MemoryMaintenanceConfig {
+            min_memories_to_keep: 1,
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_summarize_memory_maintenance_for_scope_uses_model_output() {
         let mock_response_content = serde_json::to_string(&json!({
@@ -1259,7 +1267,7 @@ mod tests {
             HashSet::new(),
             crate::config::TaskConfig::default(),
             crate::config::SubagentsConfig::default(),
-            crate::config::MemoryMaintenanceConfig::default(),
+            test_maintenance_config(),
             Some(24),
             crate::mcp::McpConfig::default(),
         )
@@ -1349,7 +1357,7 @@ mod tests {
             HashSet::new(),
             crate::config::TaskConfig::default(),
             crate::config::SubagentsConfig::default(),
-            crate::config::MemoryMaintenanceConfig::default(),
+            test_maintenance_config(),
             Some(24),
             crate::mcp::McpConfig::default(),
         )
@@ -1438,7 +1446,7 @@ mod tests {
             HashSet::new(),
             crate::config::TaskConfig::default(),
             crate::config::SubagentsConfig::default(),
-            crate::config::MemoryMaintenanceConfig::default(),
+            test_maintenance_config(),
             Some(24),
             crate::mcp::McpConfig::default(),
         )
@@ -1509,7 +1517,7 @@ mod tests {
             HashSet::new(),
             crate::config::TaskConfig::default(),
             crate::config::SubagentsConfig::default(),
-            crate::config::MemoryMaintenanceConfig::default(),
+            test_maintenance_config(),
             Some(24),
             crate::mcp::McpConfig::default(),
         )
@@ -1589,7 +1597,7 @@ mod tests {
             HashSet::new(),
             crate::config::TaskConfig::default(),
             crate::config::SubagentsConfig::default(),
-            crate::config::MemoryMaintenanceConfig::default(),
+            test_maintenance_config(),
             Some(24),
             crate::mcp::McpConfig::default(),
         )
@@ -1656,7 +1664,7 @@ mod tests {
             HashSet::new(),
             crate::config::TaskConfig::default(),
             crate::config::SubagentsConfig::default(),
-            crate::config::MemoryMaintenanceConfig::default(),
+            test_maintenance_config(),
             Some(24),
             crate::mcp::McpConfig::default(),
         )
diff --git a/src/providers/openai.rs b/src/providers/openai.rs
index cba07f8..507be14 100644
--- a/src/providers/openai.rs
+++ b/src/providers/openai.rs
@@ -397,11 +397,13 @@ impl OpenAIProvider {
         // 读取 SSE 流
         let mut stream = resp.bytes_stream();
         let mut buffer = String::new();
+        let mut raw_body = String::new();  // 完整原始响应，用于非 SSE JSON 回退
         let mut done_received = false;
 
         while let Some(chunk_result) = stream.next().await {
             let chunk = chunk_result?;
             let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&chunk);
+            raw_body.push_str(&text);
             buffer.push_str(&text);
 
             // 处理缓冲区中的完整行
@@ -554,7 +556,45 @@ impl OpenAIProvider {
             }
         }
 
-        let response = accumulator.build_response(self.model_id.clone());
+        let mut response = accumulator.build_response(self.model_id.clone());
+
+        // 回退：当流式解析未获取到任何内容且无 tool call 时，
+        // 服务器可能返回的是非 SSE 格式的纯 JSON，尝试直接反序列化整个响应体
+        if response.content.is_empty() && response.tool_calls.is_empty() {
+            if let Ok(openai_resp) = serde_json::from_str::<OpenAIResponse>(&raw_body) {
+                let fallback_content = openai_resp.choices
+                    .first()
+                    .and_then(|c| c.message.content.as_deref())
+                    .unwrap_or("")
+                    .to_string();
+                if !fallback_content.is_empty() {
+                    tracing::debug!(
+                        model = %self.model_id,
+                        "Streaming accumulator empty, falling back to non-SSE JSON parsing"
+                    );
+                    response.content = fallback_content;
+                    response.reasoning_content = openai_resp.choices
+                        .first()
+                        .and_then(|c| c.message.reasoning_content.clone());
+                    response.tool_calls = openai_resp.choices
+                        .first()
+                        .map(|c| {
+                            c.message.tool_calls.iter().map(|tc| ToolCall {
+                                id: tc.id.clone(),
+                                name: tc.function.name.clone(),
+                                arguments: match &tc.function.arguments {
+                                    OAIFunctionArguments::Json(args) => args.clone(),
+                                    OAIFunctionArguments::String(args) => {
+                                        serde_json::from_str(args).unwrap_or(serde_json::Value::Null)
+                                    }
+                                },
+                            }).collect()
+                        })
+                        .unwrap_or_default();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         tracing::debug!(
             content_len = response.content.len(),
             tool_calls_count = response.tool_calls.len(),
diff --git a/src/skills/mod.rs b/src/skills/mod.rs
index 4feaa48..6d1a9d4 100644
--- a/src/skills/mod.rs
+++ b/src/skills/mod.rs
@@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let prompt = catalog.system_index_prompt().unwrap();
         assert!(prompt.contains("<available_skills>"));
-        assert!(prompt.contains("技能为特定任务提供专用说明和工作流。"));
+        assert!(prompt.contains("技能是预定义的工作流和指令集合，用于处理特定类型的任务。"));
         assert!(prompt.contains("<name>demo-skill</name>"));
         assert!(prompt.contains("<description>demo &lt;skill&gt; &amp; usage</description>"));