diff --git a/src/channels/base.rs b/src/channels/base.rs
index e929399..1e40dd6 100644
--- a/src/channels/base.rs
+++ b/src/channels/base.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ pub enum ChannelError {
     ConfigError(String),
     ConnectionError(String),
     SendError(String),
+    /// Channel 内部队列已满——不可重试，立即丢弃。
+    /// 重试只会浪费退避时间并阻塞 channel 队列消费。
+    ChannelFull,
     BusError(String),
     Other(String),
 }
@@ -18,6 +21,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for ChannelError {
             ChannelError::ConfigError(s) => write!(f, "Config error: {}", s),
             ChannelError::ConnectionError(s) => write!(f, "Connection error: {}", s),
             ChannelError::SendError(s) => write!(f, "Send error: {}", s),
+            ChannelError::ChannelFull => write!(f, "Channel queue full"),
             ChannelError::BusError(s) => write!(f, "Bus error: {}", s),
             ChannelError::Other(s) => write!(f, "Error: {}", s),
         }
diff --git a/src/channels/cli.rs b/src/channels/cli.rs
index 1c18ede..6528218 100644
--- a/src/channels/cli.rs
+++ b/src/channels/cli.rs
@@ -102,13 +102,20 @@ impl Channel for CliChannel {
 
         // 使用 try_send 避免阻塞 dispatcher——dispatcher 是单线程顺序处理，
         // 若 writer task 卡在 ws_sender.send() 上，send().await 会阻塞，
-        // 导致所有连接的实时消息被阻塞。try_send 满时立即返回错误，
-        // dispatcher 记录后继续处理下一条消息。
+        // 导致所有连接的实时消息被阻塞。try_send 满时返回 ChannelFull
+        // （不可重试，立即丢弃）；关闭时返回 SendError（可重试）。
         for outbound in ws_outbound_from_outbound_message(&msg) {
-            connection
-                .sender
-                .try_send(outbound)
-                .map_err(|_| ChannelError::SendError("CLI websocket sender closed or full".to_string()))?;
+            match connection.sender.try_send(outbound) {
+                Ok(()) => {}
+                Err(tokio::sync::mpsc::error::TrySendError::Full(_)) => {
+                    return Err(ChannelError::ChannelFull);
+                }
+                Err(tokio::sync::mpsc::error::TrySendError::Closed(_)) => {
+                    return Err(ChannelError::SendError(
+                        "CLI websocket sender closed".to_string(),
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         Ok(())
diff --git a/src/gateway/outbound_dispatcher.rs b/src/gateway/outbound_dispatcher.rs
index 0aeac41..756d124 100644
--- a/src/gateway/outbound_dispatcher.rs
+++ b/src/gateway/outbound_dispatcher.rs
@@ -89,12 +89,23 @@ impl OutboundDispatcher {
                         break;
                     };
 
-                    if let Err(error) = Self::send_with_retry(&*channel, msg).await {
-                        tracing::error!(
-                            channel = %channel_name,
-                            error = %error,
-                            "Failed to send message after retries"
-                        );
+                    match Self::send_with_retry(&*channel, msg).await {
+                        Ok(()) => {}
+                        Err(ChannelError::ChannelFull) => {
+                            // 队列满是不可重试的——send_with_retry 已跳过重试。
+                            // 记 warn 而非 error：这是预期的背压丢弃。
+                            tracing::warn!(
+                                channel = %channel_name,
+                                "Message dropped: channel queue full"
+                            );
+                        }
+                        Err(error) => {
+                            tracing::error!(
+                                channel = %channel_name,
+                                error = %error,
+                                "Failed to send message after retries"
+                            );
+                        }
                     }
                 }
                 // dispatcher 退出时取消所有 sender task
@@ -177,6 +188,9 @@ impl OutboundDispatcher {
 
     /// 发送消息，失败时按 `[1, 2, 4]` 秒间隔重试。
     ///
+    /// `ChannelFull` 不可重试——队列满时重试只会浪费退避时间并阻塞
+    /// channel 队列消费。立即返回让 sender task 尽快处理下一条消息。
+    ///
     /// 仅在单个 channel 的 sender task 内执行——重试 sleep 只阻塞
     /// 该 channel 的发送，不影响其他 channel。
     async fn send_with_retry(
@@ -186,6 +200,8 @@ impl OutboundDispatcher {
         for (attempt_index, delay) in RETRY_DELAYS_SECS.iter().enumerate() {
             match channel.send(msg.clone()).await {
                 Ok(()) => return Ok(()),
+                // 队列满：不可重试，立即返回
+                Err(ChannelError::ChannelFull) => return Err(ChannelError::ChannelFull),
                 Err(error) if attempt_index < RETRY_DELAYS_SECS.len() - 1 => {
                     tracing::warn!(
                         attempt = attempt_index + 1,
@@ -217,6 +233,8 @@ mod tests {
         received: Arc<AtomicU32>,
         delay_ms: u64,
         fail_first_n: u32,
+        /// 始终返回 `ChannelFull`，用于验证 `send_with_retry` 不重试队列满错误。
+        always_full: bool,
         call_count: Arc<AtomicU32>,
     }
 
@@ -227,6 +245,7 @@ mod tests {
                 received: Arc::new(AtomicU32::new(0)),
                 delay_ms: 0,
                 fail_first_n: 0,
+                always_full: false,
                 call_count: Arc::new(AtomicU32::new(0)),
             }
         }
@@ -240,6 +259,11 @@ mod tests {
             self.fail_first_n = n;
             self
         }
+
+        fn with_channel_full(mut self) -> Self {
+            self.always_full = true;
+            self
+        }
     }
 
     #[async_trait]
@@ -262,6 +286,12 @@ mod tests {
 
         async fn send(&self, _msg: OutboundMessage) -> Result<(), ChannelError> {
             let count = self.call_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+            // 队列满：不可重试错误，用于验证 send_with_retry 立即返回
+            if self.always_full {
+                return Err(ChannelError::ChannelFull);
+            }
+
             if (count as u32) < self.fail_first_n {
                 return Err(ChannelError::SendError("simulated failure".to_string()));
             }
@@ -467,4 +497,35 @@ mod tests {
         // 直接 abort dispatcher 及其 sender task 即可清理。
         dispatcher_handle.abort();
     }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_send_with_retry_no_retry_on_channel_full() {
+        // 验证：send_with_retry 遇到 ChannelFull 应立即返回，不重试。
+        // 若错误地重试，会 sleep 1+2+4=7 秒，测试将在超时阈值内失败。
+        let channel = TestChannel::new("full").with_channel_full();
+        let call_count = channel.call_count.clone();
+
+        let msg = make_message("full", "chat-1", "dropped");
+
+        // 500ms 阈值：远小于首次重试间隔 1s，足以区分"立即返回"与"至少一次重试"
+        let result = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_millis(500), async {
+            OutboundDispatcher::send_with_retry(&channel, msg).await
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("send_with_retry should return immediately on ChannelFull, not retry");
+
+        // 必须返回 ChannelFull 错误
+        assert!(
+            matches!(result, Err(ChannelError::ChannelFull)),
+            "expected ChannelFull error, got {:?}",
+            result
+        );
+
+        // send 只被调用一次——证明没有重试
+        assert_eq!(
+            call_count.load(Ordering::SeqCst),
+            1,
+            "send should be called exactly once when ChannelFull is returned"
+        );
+    }
 }